#Inerpol #Europol #UNAFEI
National and International Organization in Criminology
INTERPOL ( International Crinimal Police Organization) ICPO
STANISLAV LISOV ( RUSSAIN PROGRAMER WHO IS ARRESTED IN BARCELONA FOR HIS CRIME IN US)
Alejandro jeminaz( Drug Kingpin who was arrested while entering Columbia).
Peiter Cuelen ( Peodophile Dutch who was arrested in Cambodia).
INTERPOL is an international police organization TAHT provide worldwide cooperation and crime control.
THREE main areas of cooperation
1) Investigative support
2) Expertise
3) Training of law enforcement..
THREE areas of work :
1) Conter-terrorism.: Assisting member states to PREVENT and DISRUPT
Terrorist activities through the identification of INDIVIDUALS, NETWORK and AFFILIATES ..
2) Organized and Emerging crime.:
Targeting and disrupting individual criminal networks, identifying analysing and responding to criminal threats..
3) Cybercrime.: Making Cyberspace safe for all by supporting member countries to prevent and investigate member countries…
How INTERPOL WORKS::
1) It is peculiar in its function as it has no agents to make arrests and no jails to apprehend criminals.
2) This agency functions as an administrative liaison by the law- enforcement agencies of member countries, providing communication and database assistance..
3) It is vital because different member countries have different languages, cultural and bureaucratic setups..
4) They have fingerprints Mug shots of wanted persons, DNA samples and travel documents..
5) They analyze data about the crimes and distribute it to the member countries..
6) COMMUNUCATION: A secure worldwide communication allows interpol agents and member countries to contact each other anytime at I 24/7.The network offers constant access to interpol data base..
7) Member countries can also access each other data base through I 24/7 database..
8) INCIDENT REPORT TEAM: In the event of an international disaster, terrorist attack or assassination. Interpol can send an Incident Response Team.
9) This team can offer range of expertise and database access to assist with victim identification, suspect identification and the dessimination of information to other nations law- enforcement agencies..
10) At the request of the local authorities, they can act as central command and logistics operation to coordinate other law enforcement agencies involved in the case…
ORGANIZATION
Origin: 1923 as ICPC( International Criminal Police Commission)
Central Headquarter: Lyons France
GENERAL ASSEMBLY : It has membership of delegates from different member countries
METUP: Once each year..
No. Of Employes: 1050
No. Of Memberstates: 194
Budget: 142 million Euros
Current President : Ahmed Naseer Al-Raissi.
Main Maindates: Child pornography,
Drug Tarfficking,
Property Rights Infringement,
Political Corruption and white-collar Crime.
Resolutions are passed by single majority. Each member country has one vote.
Executive Commitee: A 13 member committee TAHT does administrative work…
GEBERAL SECRETARY: Jurgen Stocks of Germany.. Elected by General Assembly , for a period of 5 years.. GS runs interpol daily operations..
LEGAL BASIS
Article 2 states that its role is:
1.To ensure and promote the widest possible mutual assistance between all criminal police authorities within the limits of the laws existing in the different countries and in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
2.To establish and develop all institutions likely to contribute effectively to the prevention and suppression of ordinary law crimes.
Article 3 states:
3.IT is strictly forbidden for the Organization to undertake any intervention or activities of a political, military, religious or racial character..
OFFICES
1) HEADQUATER
2) SIX REGIONAL OFFICES
3) UN liason office
FINANCE : Member countries size, GDP and other factors.. 142 million Euros.
Why INTERPOL is not Perfect::
1) Corruption: Former president Meng Hengwei pleaded guilty of receiving 2.1 million dollar kick backs..
2) Refugees who are included in the list of Interpol can be arrested when they seek to cross the border.
3) China used interpol against the Uyghurs, where the governments issued red notice against the activists.
4) Different Case Studies :
Case Study of Pyoter Silaev : A Russian environmental enthusiast, a refugee in Finland, arrested in Spain because RUSSAI declared him a wanted person.
Case Study of Ali Kagalayan: A naturalized German who was involved in protests in Turkey and was detained in Poland, S Turkey has manged to issue red warrant of him.
A number of persons who have been granted refugee status in the European Union (EU) and the U.S.—including Russian businessman Andrey Borodin,[59] Chechen Arbi Bugaev,[60] Kazakh opposition politician Mukhtar Ablyazov[61] and his associate Artur Trofimov,[62] and Sri Lankan journalist Chandima Withana[63] —continue to remain on the public INTERPOL list. Some of the refugees remain on the list even after courts have refused to extradite them to a non-democratic state (for example, Pavel Zabelin,[64] a witness in the case of Mikhail Khodorkovsky, and Alexandr Pavlov,[65] former security chief of the Kazakh oppositionist Ablyazov).
5) Stockholm Center For Freedom that was issued in September report in 2017 that Turkey has weaponized Interpol to hunt down legitimate critics and opponents in violation of interpol own constitution.
6) Diplomacy : Taiwan resented the that Iterpol downplays its entry into the organization as an observer
7) Business: In past Iterpol was critisied for entering into multi-million dollar deals with Fifa, Philip Morris and Pharmaceutical Industry.
8) Charges against the Current President : He was accused of torcher while he was security chief of UAE including detaining some students. Even 35 parliamentarians of France urged Emenuel Macron to appose candidacy of General Ahmed Naseer Al-Raissi.. Same was the case with some lawmakers in Germany and British lawyers and Right Groups generally across the globe
EUROPOL
European Union agency to Law Enforcement Cooperation Known as Europol. It ws established in 1998. Headquartered in Hague.
Its purpose is criminal intelligence and combat serious international organized crime, terrorism through cooperation between competent authorities of different EU membership
FOCUS OF EUROPOL: key word 5
1) Terrorism
2) International Drug Trafficking and Money Laundering
3) Organized Fraud
4) Counterfeiting Of Euros
5) Trafickking of Human Beings…
Mandate of Europole:
1.It’s Mandate is to improve information exchange between the competent national authorities in preventing serious cross border crime.
- It does not have traditional operational police powers. So it can’t allow searches in the suzerainty of the respective country..
- IT exerts a significant influence on the development of domestic criminal justice policies and the way in which police operations are undertaken at national level.
- EUROPOL can be said as an official Intelligence agency of European Union.
5.Its role in uprooting criminal networking in the football matches in Europe.. Similarly in dismantling a gang that works as human trafficking and prostitution in different cities of UK.
What needs to be done:
As EUROPOL seeks extension need of the hour is to have strong control over the policy making of the member countries..
HQ.
THE Hague: 1998
Budget : 160m pound
Staff: 1000
Main areas: Criminal intelligence and
Combat serious international organized crimes and terrorism..
Weaklings: can not make arrest Suspects or undertake actions without prior assent of the member countries
UNAFEI
United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders
Estab. 1962
Aim is to promote the sound development of CJS and mutual cooperation mainly Asia and Pacific.
UNAFEI…… Continue…
UNAFEI( PC and TO)
Headquarters : Tokyo Japan..
Works:
1)Training sessions and 2)seminars for personnel in crime prevention and criminal justice administration
3) Research and study of crime prevention and the treatment of offenders.
4) Special seminars outside Japan in a member country for fight against crime. Where current criminal justice issues are discussed.
5) UNAFEI holds 2 training courses and one international senior seminar annually..
Autum: Crime prevention
Spring: Treatment of Offenders
6) IT works in liason with UNODC under United Nation Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program Network. (UNPNI). to impart skills to the law enforcement personnels of different member states in different seminars and conferences arranged under UN.. One of them that is most important is ( UN congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal justice).
Example: PHILLIPINES PAROLE AND PROBATION ADMINISTRATION organized a seminar in 2020 under the aegies of UNAFEI ( PC and TO) for (UN congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice) on Crime, Crime Prevention and CJ, held every five years.. It is organized by (UNODC) United Nation office of Drug and Crime….
LAST Congress:
7 – 12 March 2021
UNAFEI in collaboration with other members like UNODC works effectively under United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Program Network. (PNI)
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